Brakes

Introduction

1. General Description

1.1 Dual-diagonal Braking System

Master Cylinder, Vacuum Booster, and Brake Lines

Disc Brakes

Rear Drum Brakes

Pressure Regulator and Proportioning Valves

Parking Brakes

1.2 Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

Wheel Speed Sensors

1.3 Brake Applications and Identification

2. Maintenance

3. Troubleshooting

3.1 Basic Troubleshooting Principles

3.2 Diagnostic Tests

3.3 Brake Noise

3.4 ABS Troubleshooting

4. Brake System Service

4.1 Brake Fluid

4.2 Bleeding Brakes (all systems, including ABS)

Pressure Bleeding

Vacuum Bleeding

Manual Bleeding

Replacing Brake Fluid

Flushing the Brake System

4.3 Bleeding Brakes (ABS only)

4.4 Master Cylinder and Vacuum Booster

Removing and Installing Master Cylinder

Removing and Installing Vacuum Booster

4.5 Brake Pressure Regulator and Proportioning Valves

Quick-checking Brake Pressure Regulator

Pressure Testing Regulator or Proportioning Valves

4.6 Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) Components

Fuses and Relays

Wheel Speed Sensors

Removing and Installing Hydraulic Modulator

5. Front Disc Brakes

Checking Brake Pad Wear

5.1 Reconditioning Front Disc Brakes

Removing and Installing Brake Pads (all except 1989 and later 16V models)

Removing and Installing Brake Pads (1989 and later 16V models only)

Removing, Reconditioning, and Installing Brake Rotors

5.2 Calipers

6. Rear Drum Brakes

Checking Brake Lining Wear

6.1 Reconditioning Rear Drum Brakes

Removing and Installing Brake Shoes

Reconditioning Brake Drums

Inspecting and Replacing Wheel Cylinder

6.2 Parking Brake (Drum Brakes)

Adjusting Parking Brake

Replacing Parking Brake Cables

7. Rear Disc Brakes

Checking Brake Pad Wear

7.1 Reconditioning Rear Disc Brakes

Removing and Installing Rear Brake Pads (1985 to early 1988 models)

Removing and Installing Rear Brake Pads (late 1988 and later models)

Removing, Reconditioning, and Installing Rear Brake Rotors

7.2 Parking Brake (Disc Brakes)

Adjusting Parking Brake

Replacing Parking Brake Cable

7.3 Calipers

8. Technical Data

I. Tolerances, Wear Limits, and Settings

II. Tightening Torques